Connectors
·
Who: used to show
which person or people you mean
·
Whom: used instead
of ‘who’ as the object of a verb or preposition
·
Whose: used to say
which person’ something you mean
Examples
·
A student who neglects his daily lessons is
sure to fail.
·
Her mother, in whom
she confided, said she would
support her.
·
He is a man whose opinion I respect.
Connectors
·
Which: Used to be exact about the thing that you mean
·
That: Used for referring to
somebody/something that has already been mentioned or known about
·
What:
Used
to mention a thing or things
Examples
·
A school magazine is a magazine which is published by
the school authority annually.
·
Now we can know what is
happening in the other corner
of the world sitting at home.
·
It is said that the
Devil tempts the busy man while the idle man
tempts the Devil.
Connectors
·
When:
Used
to mention time of any happening or event, etc.
·
While:
During
the time that something is happening
·
Scarcely
had/ Hardly had... when: Used to
emphasize that one event quickly
followed
another.
·
No sooner
had..... than: Used to show
that one thing happens immediately after
another
thing. It is often used with the past perfect, and usually followed by than.
·
At
present, Nowadays, Now: Used to mention time of any present topic
Examples
·
Time is coming when there will be no tree left
for us.
·
While
taking
food, we should bear in mind that we do not eat just to
satisfy hunger.
While I
was waiting at the bus stop, three buses came.
·
Scarcely
had the assembly begun when an
unknown person came.
·
Hardly
had he seen his friend when he greeted him.
·
No
sooner had I heard the news of my mother’s
illness than I went to the hospital.
·
Globalization is a term, nowadays, is commonly used by man.
·
At
present, we can learn what is happening
in the farthest corner of the world.
Connectors
·
If: Used to say
that one thing can, will, may or might happen
or to be true, depending on another thing
·
Unless:
Used
to give only the situation in which something will not happen or to be true.
·
Or: Used to warn or advise someone that
something bad can happen based on a
particular task
·
Otherwise: Used to state what the result will be if something does not happen or if the
situation is different
Examples
·
If
I
were a rich man, I would help others.
·
Unless
trees
are planted, soon our country will turn into
desert
·
Or:
Study
attentively or you cannot do well in
the exam.
·
The rapid
growth of the population must be controlled.
Otherwise, all sorts of attempts to
solve the food problem will fail.
Connectors
·
In
spite of / Despite: Used to link two contrasting ideas following a
noun phrase
·
Although
/
(Even) though: Used to link two contrasting ideas following a clause
·
However / Nevertheless / Still / Yet / Even so / On the contrary / In contrast. Used to introduce a new idea which marks a contrast with
previously stated ideas
·
On
the one hand ... On the other hand: Used to link two contrasting ideas/paragraphs.
·
In contrast to / Contrary to: Used to link two contrasting ideas following a
noun phrase.
Examples
·
Though
it is a simple exercise, it is good for health both physically and mentally.
·
A healthy he can man can do any work. Besides, he
can eat any food he likes. So, he can enjoy life in every way. On the
other hand, an unhealthy man is unhappy,
for he cannot eat and do what he likes.
Connectors
·
Because / As / Since / Seeing that: Used
to introduce a sentence to mention the reason
for something. Subordinate sentences introduced by because always appear in the
final position.
·
Because of / On account of / Owing to / Due to. Used
to introduce a noun phrase to show
the reason for something.
Examples
·
The whole
world has turned into a global village because
of the improvement of information technology.
·
The publication of it is not an easy task because it needs time, energy and money.
Connectors:
·
In
order to / So as to Introduce
an infinitive of purpose.
·
In
order that / So that Introduce a
sentence which indicates purpose.
Examples
·
We eat so that we can preserve our health.
·
A student should be attentive in his studies in order to do well in the exam.
Connectors
·
Consequently / As a consequence / As a result / Therefore/so:
Used to mention the consequence of something
followed by a sentence or sentences
·
As a consequence of / As a result
of: Used to mention the consequence of something Followed by a noun phrase.
Examples
·
None can deny
the importance of tree plantation as our lives
on earth directly or indirectly depend on it. But it is a matter of sorrow that we are cutting
down trees indiscriminately. Unless trees are planted, soon our country will
turn into desert and there will be an adverse change in the climate. Therefore, we should plant
more and more trees for our own sake.
Connectors
·
Moreover / Furthermore / In addition / Besides / What's more
Used after a strong pause and separated from the sentences. They are
introduced by a comma.
·
As well as / In addition to / Besides Used to add one more piece
of information. Followed by a noun phrase.
Examples
·
Honesty is a noble virtue. The man who possesses this rare quality is the happiest person in the world. To be honest, a person should have trustworthiness. Because nobody
trusts a liar. Besides, Allah helps
the honest people. So, children should be taught
honesty from the beginning of life. In
addition, they should be taught
discipline too.
Connectors
·
First
of all / Firstly / To begin with / First ….
·
Second
/ Secondly / Then …
·
Third
/ Thirdly / After that
· Finally / in short / to sum up / in conclusion / lastly / last but not least…
Example
·
A hare is a very speedy animal; on the other hand a tortoise moves very slowly. Firstly, it has a heavy shell on its back. Secondly, its legs are short.
Connectors
· Actually/ as a matter of fact/ in
fact/ really: Used to express fact
Example
·
In
fact, there are some differences
between practical knowledge and bookish knowledge.
Connectors
· as far as I am concerned, from my point of view, I agree, I disagree, in my opinion, in my view, I think that, it is true that, personally, to be honest, to tell the truth: Used to express a personal opinion
Example
·
It
is true that we have taken some effective
stops to solve the problem.
Connectors
·
For example / For instance: Use to introduce an
example referring to previously stated ideas
· Such as: Used to introduce an example referring to the last idea
Example
·
We have to increase
our food production very rapidly. We may,
mostly, solve our food problem by changing our traditional food habits. For example, we can take potato instead
of rice.
Connector
Lest: Used to prevent any possibility that something will happen.
Examples
·
Come forward to help the poor lest they might/should
suffer a lot.
·
He has to study regularly lest he might fail in the exam.
Complete the passage using suitable connectors.
1.
A school
magazine is a magazine (a) is published
by the school authority annually. It contains poems, articles, essays and
jokes. The publication of it is not
an easy task (b) it needs time, energy and money. (c) ,
a magazine committee is formed from
the teachers and the students.
The editor (d) is selected
or elected by the committee
members invites writings. (e)
good writings are selected for printing.
2.
Morning walk is a good habit for all classes of people.
(a) it is a simple exercise, it is good for health both physically (b) mentally. (c) the morning
air is fresh and free from any kind of noise health and pollutions, it keeps us
sound and healthy. Morning walk costs nothing (d) gives more. (e) we
should make the habit of
morning walk.
3.
The whole
world has turned into a global village (a) the improvement of information
technology. Now we can know (b) is happening
on the other corner of the world sitting at home. One culture is coming in touch with another. The poor culture is receiving quickly the
elements (c) are in rich culture.
(d) technology
transforms culture and develops it. (e) we have to prevent the infiltration of bad
culture of another society to our own culture.
4.
People usually want to have
their way. They want to think and act (a) they
like. (b)
one cannot have one's way all the time. A person cannot
live in an environment without considering the interest of others
(c) his
own interest. People in society may
take their own decision. (d) these decisions ought not to be unjust (e) harmful to others.
5.
Morning walk is a good habit for all classes of people.
(a) it
is a simple exercise, it is good for health (b) mentality. (c) ,the morning
air is fresh and free from any kind of noise and pollution. Morning walk
is
such an exercise which costs nothing (d) gives more.
(e) we should make a habit of morning walk.
6.
Many schools have a uniform
(a) there are arguments for and against. One
argument is what to put on. (b) pupils were allowed to wear clothes according to their own choice. (c)
some clothes may not be suitable
for schools. (d) some of
the students cannot afford to buy it.
(e) wearing a school dress does not allow
in every school.
7. Climate change means the changes in climate. (a) , climate on earth is constantly changing. (b) climate change, the weather pattern in any specific region on earth (c) across the whole earth is changing. Human activities are greatly responsible for it. We are cutting down trees for habitation and agricultural purpose. (d) , use of chemicals in industries causes serious harm to the ozone layer. (e) , there is a rapid increase in temperature causing greenhouse effect. .
(a) taking food, we should bear in mind (b) we do not
eat just to satisfy hunger or to fill the belly. We eat (c) we can preserve our health. Some people,
living in the midst of plenty, do not eat the food they need for good
health (d) they have no
knowledge of the science of health and nutrition. (e) , they suffer from
various diseases.
8.
We know that
trees are essential for all kinds of creatures. They give us not only food (a)
oxygen. They protect us from natural calamities. (b) , they are called the saviour of our environment. (c) many people are not aware of this. They cut
down trees randomly. (d) , forest lands are shrinking. (e) people go on cutting down trees, one day
there will be no trees left for us.
9.
21st February is
a red-letter day in our
national history. It is our pride
(a) no nation
of the
world has ever fought for its language the way we fought. So it has been now declared as the
International Mother Language Day. The proposal has been passed unanimously in the General Assembly
of the UNESCO
(b) some
countries pointed out (C) the incident of 21st is related to the
Bangalees only. (d) , the recognition of the day, (e)
the International Mother Language Day by UNESCO has upheld the prestige of
Bangalees all over the world.
11.
Ripa is a student of class ten. (a) she is meritorious,
she never takes pride in her merit. She is helpful
to all. (b) any weak student comes to her with any
problem, she tries to help him. She is
respectful to the senior (c)
affectionate to the Junior. She is simple
in behaviour (d) strict in principle.
(e) , everyone loves her.
12.
Globalization is a
term (a) is commonly used by man.
(b) it is a
process of expanding trade and commerce all over
the world creating
a borderless market.
(c) global development, we have conquered the time (d) distance. (e) , we can learn what is happening in the
farthest corner of the world.
13. Complete the passage with suitable connectors: Trees are very important (a) they produce oxygen (b) is a must for man and all living beings. We must realize (c) they help us in many ways. (d) trees are less in number, there will be an increased amount of carbon di-oxide in the atmosphere. (e) it will enhance greenhouse effect.
14.
Global warming is increasing
day by day (a) deforestation. We cut down trees (b) never think of planting more trees. (c) human and
other living beings are in the threat of
extinction. Time is coming (d) there will be
no tree left for us. (e) we have to
face bitter consequence of deforestation.
15.
None can deny the importance
of tree plantation (a) our
lives on earth directly or indirectly depend on it. (b) it is a
matter of sorrow that we are cutting down trees indiscriminately. (c)
trees are
planted, soon our country will turn into
desert (d) there will be an adverse change in the climate. (e) , we should
plant more and more trees for our own
sake.
16.
Rural life and urban life
have many common sides. (a) differences between them are greater. Rural people do not have adequate educational and medical
facilities. (b) , they
face problems with their communication network. (c) ,
the urban people
enjoy educational and medical
facilities. (d) the people of cities and towns enjoy a
smooth and easy communication system. (e) , there is a rush of people to come to
cities from villages every year.
17.
Gold is a bright precious metal. There
are many metals cheaper (a) gold but look like it. They glitter well (b)
fade in course of time.
Actually there are many people in our
society
(c) are outwardly gentle and nice. But (d) a period of time, their real identity is revealed. (e) , all that glitters is not
gold.
18.
Student life is the best time in life (a) almost every student is free from cares (b) anxieties of life. He has
nothing to do (c) study.
(d) a
student, he should read novels, magazines,
newspapers (e) text books.
19.
Honesty is a noble
virtue. The man (a) possesses this rare quality is the happiest person in the world. To be honest, a person should have trustworthiness. (b) nobody trusts a liar. (c) , Allah helps the honest people. (d) children should be taught honesty from
the beginning of life. (e) they should be taught discipline too.
20.
An idle man does not do his work in
right time. He puts off work of today for tomorrow. A student (a) neglects his daily lessons is sure to fail. A young man who idles away his time becomes a burden to the family (b)
the society. His brain becomes the workshop
of
Devils.
It is said (c) the
Devil tempts the busy man (d)
the idle man tempts the
Devil. (e) everyone
should make the best use of time.
21.
(a) population
problem is one of
the greatest problems
in
our country. (b) Bangladesh is a small country, it has
a huge population. The government finds it difficult
to provide basic necessities. (c) it has become a great concern to all. (d) solving this
problem some necessary steps should be
taken. In this regard general people should help the government. (e) the
population growth is controlled,
people will lead a happy life.
22.
Every citizen has some
duties and responsibilities for his nation. (a) most of
the people are careless in this respect. People
of this country
have achieved national identity
at the cost of a great sacrifice (b) is still
evaluated nationally (c) some selfish
people never want to give them recognition. (d) we
all should do some benevolent
activities. (e) we will be
guilty to the nation.
23.
(a) I were a rich man, I would help others. People living under poverty line has the hope of better days (b) they do
not get (c)
they dream of. (d) their
condition is getting from bad to worse.
The only thing (e) they need is nothing but education.
24.
A hare is a very speedy animal; (a) a tortoise moves
very slowly. (b) it has a heavy shell on its back. (c) , its legs
are short. (d) , it cannot move as fast as other animals. One morning a hare laughed at a
tortoise hare for its slow motion. The hare asked the tortoise to run a race.
(e) the tortoise hurt, it the agreed
to the proposal of the hare.
25. The foods that we eat can
be divided into six kinds (a) we eat
can be
divided what substances
they contain and b) benefits they do to us. Fish, meat, peas and milk provide us protein (c) builds our body and helps us grow. (d) we do not
take all these, we cannot grow well. Vitamins and mineral salts protect us
from diseases (e) keep us fit for
work.
26.
Once upon fox a time there lived a (a) was very clever. He lived in a jungle in a very hot
country (b) Bangladesh.
One day, (C) Mr. Fox
was walking through the jungle, he fell
into a trap. After trying very hard he could his get out of the trap (d) lost his tail. Without his tail Mr. Fox looked very strange. (e) he felt
very sad and ashamed.
27.
(a) there
are some difference between practical knowledge and
bookish knowledge. (b) often they are thought to be the same .(c) a man is educated in the truest sense,
he will be able to lead a life completely different
from others. (d) he can
distinguish between right and wrong. (e) education is very
important.
28.
Summer noon is very painful and disgusting. (a) the
sun shines hotly over head, life becomes
miserable. The sufferings of the people know no bounds (b) the electricity goes off. (c) the people use
hand fans to fan themselves. Children can neither
sleep (d)
read. They feel
out of sorts. (e) the poor suffer most.
They work outside in the burning sun.
29.
The rapid growth of
population must be controlled. (a)
all sorts of attempts to solve food
problem will fail. (b) , we have to increase our food production very rapidly.
We may, mostly, solve our food
problem by changing our traditional food habit. (c) we can take
potato instead of rice.
(d) it is
high time we changed our eating
habit.
(e) knowledge of nutritive value of food
can help to solve our food problem to a great
extent.
30. Women are, nowadays, as important as men in the society. They constitute nearly half of our total
population, (a) there can be
no denying the fact (b) they too possess equal rights and duties (C) men do. They have noble mission to fulfill as men. (d) they
get opportunity, their genius, powers (e)
capacities will bloom fully.
31.
It is known to all that gold is a valuable metal. (a) , there are many metals cheaper than gold though they look like it. (b) they glitter for sometime, they fade away in the long run. In our
society there are also many people
(c) are outwardly very gentle and
polished. Later on, their real identity is revealed
(d) they do not exercise moral
values. That's why people say,
"All (e) glitters is not gold"
32.
A healthy man can do any
work. (a) he can eat any food he likes. (b) , he can
enjoy life in every way. (c) ,
an unhealthy man is unhappy, for he cannot eat and do what he likes. (d) he lives and dies poor. He may have intelligence, merit and power, but he cannot put them to
the use and reap their benefits. (e)
health is the source of all happiness in life.
Prepared By
Khaled Mahmud Hasan (Armaan)
English Teacher
