Rule 1
Simple : too…....... to
Complex : so… that
Compound : and so
EXAMPLES
• Complex :
The load is so heavy that I cannot carry it.
• Compound :
The load is very heavy and so I cannot carry it.
2. Simple : The
boy was too weak to walk.
• Complex :
The boy was so weak that he could not walk.
• Compound :
The boy was very weak and so he could not walk
MARKERS
Simple :
to + verb (reason)
Complex :
so that
Compound :
and so
EXAMPLES
• Complex :
Muhsin donated money so that he could support the helpless people.
• Compound :
Muhsin wanted to support the helpless people and so he donated money.
2. Simple : He
goes to school with a view to learning.
• Complex :
He goes to school so that he can learn.
• Compound : He wants to learn and so he goes to school
Rule 3
Simple : Because of/ on account of/ owing to/ due to/ for/ present participle (reason)
Complex :
as/ because/since
Compound :
and so
EXAMPLES
1. Simple : Because of
his poverty, he could not buy a new shirt.
• Complex :
As he was poor, he could not buy a new shirt.
• Compound :
He was poor and so he could not buy a new shirt.
2. Simple : Being ill,
he missed the important meeting.
• Complex :
He missed the important meeting as he was ill.
• Compound :
He was ill and so he missed the important meeting.
3. Simple : Our
departure was delayed for bad weather.
• Complex :
Our departure was delayed because the weather was bad.
• Compound :
The weather was bad and so our departure was delayed.
Simple : Phrase of time
Complex : when, while
Compound : and
EXAMPLES
• Complex :
When he was ten, he left his house.
• Compound : He was
ten and at that time he left house.
2. Simple : At the time of saying his prayer, his mother came.
• Complex : While he was saying his prayer, his mother came.
• Compound : He was saying his prayer
and his mother came.
3. Simple : In winter
season, different types of Pithas are
prepared in our rural areas.
• Complex :
When it is winter season, different types
of Pithas are prepared in our rural areas.
• Compound :
It is winter season and different types of Pithas are
prepared in our rural areas.
Rule 5
MARKERS
Simple : In spite of/despite
Complex : Though/although
Compound : but
EXAMPLES
• Complex :
Although cricket is a costly game, everybody likes it.
• Compound :
Cricket is a costly game but everybody likes it.
2. Simple : Despite
being a wonder of modern science, mobile phone has also some demerits.
• Complex :
Though mobile phone is a wonder of modern science, it has also
some demerits.
• Compound :
Mobile phone is a wonder of modern science but it has also some demerits.
Simple :
phrase of place
Complex :
where, which
Compound : and
EXAMPLES
1. Simple :
Haji Mohammad Mohsin was born in Hoogly.
• Complex : It was
Hoogly where Haji Mohammad Mohsin was born.
• Compound : It was
Hoogly and Haji Mohammad Mohsin was born there.
2. Simple :
Madhusudan Dutt was born at Sagordary on the bank of the Kapotaksho.
• Complex :
Madhusudan Dutt was born at Sagordary which is on the bank of
the Kapotaksho.
• Compound :
Madhusudan Dutt was born at Sagordary and it(S) is on the bank of the
Kapotaksho.
Simple : By + (Verb + ing), In case of
Complex : if
Compound: and
EXAMPLES
1. Simple : By
studying attentively, you can do well in the exam.
• Complex :
If you study attentively, you can do well in
the exam.
• Compound :
Study attentively and you can do well in the exam.
2. Simple : In
case of his coming, I will go.
• Complex :
If he comes, I will go.
Simple : without + (Verb + ing), In case of (negative sense)
Complex : unless, if (negative sense)
Compound : or
EXAMPLES
1. Simple : Without working
hard, you cannot go ahead.
• Complex :
Unless you work hard, you cannot go ahead.
• Compound : Work hard
or you cannot go ahead.
2. Simple : In
case of your failure to attend the meeting, I will not help you.
• Complex :
If you do not attend the meeting, I will not help you.
• Compound :
Attend the meeting or I will not help you
Rule 9
MARKERS
Simple : Indicating person
Complex : who, whom
EXAMPLES
1. Simple :
The students studying regularly can expect a good result.
• Complex :
The students, who study regularly, can expect a good result.
2. Simple : People
living in the high land can escape flood.
• Complex :
People, who live in the high land, can escape flood.
3. Simple : The man
taking bribe is next to devil.
• Complex :
The man, who takes bribe, is next to devil.
4. Simple : An
industrious man will shine in life.
• Complex :
A man, who is industrious, will shine in life.
5. Simple : A corrupt
man can do anything against morality.
• Complex :
A man, who is corrupt, can do anything against morality
Rule 10
Simple :
Indicating object/concept
Complex :
which, that
Compound : and
1. Simple : Health is wealth.
• Complex : It is
health which is wealth.
2. Simple : The programs
telecast by television are very interesting.
• Complex :
The programs, which are telecast by television, are very interesting.
• Compound : Television telecasts
programs and these are interesting.
3. Simple : He wants his
students to be good citizens.
• Complex :
He wants that his students will be good citizens.
• Compound :
His students will be good citizens and he wants this.
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Changing Sentences
Prepared by
Khaled Mahmud Hasan
