Verb patterns
Subject: Noun (N), Noun
Phrase (NP), Object (O)
Verb: Verb (V), Linking Verb (LV), Transitive Verb (Vt),
Intransitive Verb (Vi)
Modifier: Adjective (adj),
Adverb (adv),
Preposition (Pre) + Noun
The structure of the clause
depends on the verb:
An intransitive verb has the
structure: N + V: John + smiled.
A transitive verb has the
structure: N + V +O: We + had been playing + football.
A link verb has the
structure: N + V + Adj: She + looked + happy.
A phrasal verb has the structure: N + V + (Pre + N): She + gave + back +
the money.
Or; N + V + N + Pre: She +
gave + the money + back.
Verb patterns – Link Verbs
“Link Verb” yüklemlerde
doğrudan özne nitelenir.
Subject + LV + Adj:
To be, smell, feel, look, taste, turn, grow, and go
The results are quite
significant.
Five hundred dollars is not
sufficient for my expenses.
The room smells smoky.
The leaves turned yellow.
She became very famous.
Subject + LV + NP:
To be, become, remain, prove, appear, seem
He is a competent employee.
He is an ambitious
businessman.
She became a famous actor.
Subject + Vi + (Adv):
Intransitive verbs do not take an NP as a direct
object. They may take adverbs or a prepositional object after verbs. Intransitive verbs: Arrive, collapse, leave,
lie, live, go, rise, speak, and work
He speaks slowly.
He speaks with me.
The train has just arrived.
The roof of the house has
collapsed.
He left an hour ago.
They went on holiday.
He wroks in an office.
The children laughed happily.
The treatment has proved
effective. [effect:noun, effective:adj, effectively:adv, effectiveness: noun]
Tedavinin etkisi kanıtlandı.
Subject + Vt + Direct Object + Adv:
Put, send, place, and lay
I put the keys on
the table.
I have placed the book
on the shelf.
Adv + Subject + V + Adv
+ Adv:
Last year Mary and the
family were driving to Madrid in an old bus.
Subject + Vt + Direct Object+ (Adv) + (Adv):
Transitive
verbs take a noun phrase (NP) as a direct object. Transitive verbs: prove,
amaze, hate, see, help, use, surprise, kill, lay, treat, make, accomplish,
achieve, acknowledge, acquire, amuse, admit, affect, astonish, attain, deny,
desire, determine, include, involve, maintain, provide, reject, surprise,
utilize.
I saw him in our school
yesterday.
The mission was accomplished
by the special task force.
She put the flowers carefully
in a vase.
You make coffee.
I read books.
She takes a pen.
You write a letter.
He left his bag.
He left a note.
All the girls are learning
English at school in the second year.
Subject + Vt + Direct Object + to Verb (Infinitive):
Permit, enable, allow, persuade, advise, compel, encourage, lead, urge
I permitted him to
use my dictionary.
Subject + Vt + to Verb (Infinitive):
She decided to marry a
rich man who proposed to her.
One student threatened to
kill the teacher.
The man demanded to be
allowed access to a telephone.
I want to buy an
electric car.
Subject + Vt + Ving (Gerund):
I hate driving.
Tim is considering changing
his job.
Subject + Vt + Pre + Ving:
These verbs all use this
pattern: specialize, think.
He specializes in helping
children.
Michal is thinking about
cooking dinner.
Subject + Vt + Direct Object + Ving/Verb:
I heard him cough.
I heard someone unlocking
the door.
I saw him cross
the street.
I saw him crossing the street.
I watched the crowd gathering
in the street.
I observed her teach a
lesson.
She noticed him looking
out of the window.
I found the child sleeping.
Double object verbs
Some verbs have two objects;
a direct object and an indirect object
These clauses have the
structure: Subject + Verb + Indirect object + Direct object
My wife sent me an email.
He brought his mother some
flowers.
He cooked all his friends a
delicious meal
We can use
a prepositional phrase with “to” or “for” with an indirect object:
These
clauses have the structure: Subject + Verb + Direct object + Prepositional
phrase + Direct object
My wife sent an email to me.
He brought some flowers for
his mother.
He cooked a delicious meal
for all his friends.
Common
verbs with “for” and an “indirect object” are: buy, get, cook, keep, bring,
make, pour, save, find.
We made toys for all the
children.
Common
verbs with “to” and an “indirect object” are: give, lend, offer, pass, post,
read, sell, send, show, promise, and tell.
He gave his programme to the
man sitting next to him.
They sent Christmas cards to
all their customers.
If the
indirect object is a long phrase we normally use “to” or “for”:
He showed his ticket to the
policeman standing by the door.
We kept something to eat and
drink for all the people who arrived late.
If the
indirect object is a pronoun we normally use the pattern: S + V + N + N
I poured him another drink.
Their mother read them
another story.
Subject + Vt + Direct Object + Preposition + Indirect Object:
Note: Verbs which do not
allow indirect object movement.
He suggested a new plan to
them.
I gave a book to him.
She told a story to them.
I’ll buy a camera for you.
Let me introduce you to my
wife.
He proposed a new plan to them.
Subject + Vt + Direct Object + Indirect Object:
She gave me a book.
They asked me a question.
Subject + Vt + Object + Past Participle:
I want this work finished
quickly.
I heard my name called.
The police reported him
killed.
Subject + Vt + Object + Adj:
Do you prefer your coffee
black?
There + Verb:
There appears to have been
some confusion.Bazı karışıklıklar olmuş gibi görünüyor.
There comes a time when one
must admit one’s guilt.
“That” clauses can be reduced to infinitive phrases:
We believe that it was a
mistake. We believe it to have been a mistake.
We consider that money is
important. We consider money (to be) important.
Verb + object + bare infinitive
Verbs like
make, let, feel , hear, observe, see, watch, have are followed by a bare
infinitive after an object.
I made him wait outside.
I watched him climb through
the window.
We will have a car wait for
you at the station.
But some
of these verbs can also be followed by a gerund with a slightlly different meaning.
Did you hear the dogs barking
last night ?
I heard the dog bark at him
yesterday.
The teacher had me stay after
class to discuss my essay.
