Abbreviations

anna domini (ad) : milattan sonra (after christ) There are several kinds of abbreviation:

Shortenings are abbreviations in which the beginning or end of the word has been dropped. In some cases both the beginning and the end have been omitted. In some cases, the shortening involves a slight spelling change, as with bike and telly.

Shortening	original form
Cello	Violoncello
Flu	Influenza
Ad	Advertisement
Blog	Weblog
Rhino	Rhinoceros
Telly	Television
Bike	Bicycle

 

You do not need to use an apostrophe in shortenings to show that letters have been omitted. You should only use a capital letter if the original form also starts with a capital letter, for example:

Med	Mediterranean
Brit	British (person)
Jag	Jaguar

 

You do not need to use a full stop unless the shortening is one created specifically for use in writing, for example:

Dec.	December
Tue.	Tuesday
etc.	et cetera

 

Contractions are a type of abbreviation in which letters from the middle of the word are omitted. Examples include:

Contraction	full form
Dr	Doctor
St	Saint
Ltd	Limited

 

 

A contraction can also be an abbreviated form of more than one word, for example:

Contraction	full form
I’ll	I will/I shall
we’ve	we have
shouldn’t	should not

You do not need to use a full stop at the end of contractions, because the last letter of the original word is still present. In contractions that represent more than one word, the letters that have been omitted should be replaced with an apostrophe.

 

Initialisms are abbreviations which consist of the initial (i.e. first) letters of words and which are pronounced as separate letters when they are spoken.

BBC: British Broadcasting Corporation MP: Member of Parliament

UN: United Nations UK: United Kingdom CD: compact disc

 

 

You do not need to put full stops after the letters in initialism. Certain initialisms may include full stops. For example, the forms US and U.S. are both acceptable.

 

When you are forming the plural of an initialism, you do not need to use an apostrophe, for example:

-    MPs MPs voted against the bill.

-    CDs I bought some new CDs today.

 

Note that the possessive form of initialisms is formed in the usual way, with an apostrophe + s:

-    An MP’s salary: the salary of an MP

-    A report on MPs’ expenses: the expenses of MPs

-    The CD’s subtitle: the subtitle of the CD

 

 

Acronyms are words formed from the initial letters of other words and pronounced as they are spelled, not as separate letters. Most acronyms can be written as capital letters or with only an initial capital letter.

NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization

UNESCO:   United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization SIM (card): Subscriber Identification Module

 

Some acronyms are so established that they are now ‘normal’ words: Laser: light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation

Radar: radio detection and ranging

Approx.	Approximately	yaklaşık olarak
Abbr	Abbreviation	Kısaltma
Asap	as soon as possible	ilk fırsatta
Assoc	Association	Birlik
Asst	Assistant	asistan
Am	before midday	öğleden önce
Pm	after midday	öğleden sonra
Bc	before Christ	isa’dan önce / milattan önce
Co	Company	şirket
CV	curriculum vitae	özgeçmiş
Eg	Example	örnek
Etc	etcetera; and so on	vesaire
Hiv	human immunodeficiency virus	insan bağışıklık eksikliği virüsü
ID	Identity	Kimlik
Ie	that is; in other words	yani, şöyle ki
Mba	master of business administration	işletme yönetimi yüksek lisansı
Isbn	international standard book number	uluslararası standart kitap numarası
Md	doctor of medicine	tıp doktoru
Mr	Mister	bay
Mrs	Mistress	bayan
Phd	doctor of philosophy	doktora derecesi
Rip	rest in peace	huzur içinde yatsın
UFO	unidentified flying object	tanımlanamayan uçan nesne
VIP	very important people	önemli kimse
Vol	Volume	ses