CLAUSE
A clause is a part of a sentence that contains a subject and a predicate. It must have a
finite verb.
Simple sentence : A aimple sentence conaista only
single clause.
(1) She went to market.
Compound sentence : A compound sentence
consists of two or more co-ordinate clauses.
(1) She went to market and bought vegetables.
Complex sentence : A complex sentence
consiate of one main clause and one or more subordinate clauses
(1) She went abroad after she had completed her studies.
Subordinate clauses : 'Subordinate clauae’ or a dependent
clause is a group of words that ia not a sentence but
adda information to the main part of a aentencea Usually it ia the one which
appears immediately after the subordinating conjunction. The rest of it is the
main clause.
• NOUN CLAUSE
A noun clause is a group of word which contains
a subject and predicate
of its own ' and it does the work of a noun. A noun clauae answers
the question 'what'.
A noun clause can be —
(1) Noun clause as a subject of a verb :
— Why she visits this place is a mystery?
(2) As an object to a transitive verb : I can not say when he will come ?
(3) As an object to a preposition :
We
should listen to what they say
(4) In apposition to a noun or pronoun : His belief that there is no God is not true.
(5) As the complement of a verb of incomplete prediction.
This ia how he solves the auma.
• ADVERB CLAUSE
An adverb clause.is a group of words which contains subject and predicate of its own and it doea the work‘of an adverb.
An adverb clause may be
classified as
(1) Adverb clause of time : They
denote the time
when the action expreaaed in the main clauses takes place. They are
introduced by conjunctions when, whenever, while, before, after, since, aa etc.
Don’t disturb me while I am
doing my work.
{2) Adverb clause
of place : They denote a specific place and
are introduced by subordinating
conjunctions When, wherever, whence etc.
(3) Adverb clause of purpose : They express purpose of something and are introduced by subordinating conjunctions — that, best, so that, in order that..
— I worked hard so that I could get best result.
(4)
Adverb clause of cause or reason :
They expreBa some
cauBe or reason and are introduced by subordinating
conjunctions — because, aince,
that etc.
She is very happy that her
son has recovered from illness.
(5)
Adverb
clause of condition : They express
any condition and are introduced by the
subordinating conjunctions : If, unless, whether.
If you work hard, you will
get good marks.
(6)
Adverb clause of result : These are introduced by the subordinating conjunctions — that, so, or, Buch.
I waa ao weak that I could
not atand.
(7)
Adverb clnuse of comparison : These are introduced by conjunction6
like than, or, as —aB, so— as
This car is bigger than
mine.
(8)
Adverb clause of suppostion or concession : These are introduced by Bubordinating conjunctionB though, although, even, if .
Although it was very cold,
but I went outside.
•
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
Adjective clause is a
group of wordB which has a subject and a predicate of its own and doeB the work
of an adjective.
An adjective clause is introduced by
relative pronouns who, which, that, but and relative adverbs—where, when, why.
(1) This la the pen which he gave me
(2)
He ia the man whom we respect.
(3)
The reason why he did it
is not known.
(4)
The time when the plane
will take off is not known.
(5)
The houee where you
stayed is not far off.
Note : Relative adverbs —why, when, wherwuaed in the sentences above are
also used in the adverb clauBes but in the above sentenceB they are used to
make adjective clauses. In the above
sentence B they answer which reason,
which tirrre and which noun.
Relative adjective clauses
are of two kinds
(1) Defining relative clauae
(2) No- defining relative clause
A defining relative clause describes the preceding noun in such a way as to distinguish it from other nouns of the aame class. It gives essential information in order to identify who or what is being talked about eg. A TT is a person Who checks tickets on train.
Note : The word (noun) to
which the relative clause relates is called the antecedent.
In the above Sentence
‘person' is the antecedent of the underlined relative clause.
The relative clauses are not separated from the antecedent by commas (,) in writing.
The relative pronoun 'that’ ia used only in defining clauses. It can refer to person or things both. However 'who’ (for (person) and which (for things) may be used instead.
A non defining relative clause is used to qualify a noun that is already definite. Hence, it does not definite the noun,’ but gives additional information about. If the Clause iB removed, one can still identify who or what is being talked about. The relative clause ia separated from the noun by commas.
My Grandma, who ia 95 years old, believes that the earth ia flat.
