• DETERMINERS
A Deterniiner ia a word that comes before a noun and limits it8 meaning.
Apart from articles (a, an, the), the other moot common determineza are, : any,
much, several, few, little, each, every; all, both, either, neither, no, half,
my, our, your, hia, her, itB, their, thia, that, theae, thoee, one, third, etc.
Thus we can say that Determiners include
(i)
Articles : (a, an, the)
(ii) Demonstrative Adjectives :(Thia, that, these, those)
(iii) Possessive Adjectives : (My, our, your, her, his, its, their,
(iv)
Adjectives
of quantity and number . (Few, the few, a few, little, aame, any, much, many,
all, both, each, every, either, neither, one, two, three, firat, 8econd, third,
fewer, a lot of, a large number of, a great deal of, a good deal of, etc.
Articles : 'A’PAn’ and 'the’
‘A’ and ‘As* are called
Indefinite Articles.
They are so called because they don*t refer to any particular person or
thing; as
(i)
A girl (any girl)
(ii) A boy
(any boy)
(iii) A movie
(any movie)
”The” is called Definite Article aB it
pointB out some particular person or thing; as I met the girl. (Some particular
girl)
Article A
Article ‘a’ is used before ‘singular
countable noima beginning with consonants’, aa a boy, a table, a girl, a pen
Article ‘an’ is used before singular coiintable nouns beginning with
vowelB; aB an umbrella, an ox, an egg, an almirah.
Note :
Article ‘the’
Definite article ‘the’ iB used :
(1)
When a particular person
or thing is spoken of e.g. I know the way
(2)
When a
singular noun’ is meant to represent a whole class; e.g. The dog is a faithful animal.
(3)
With
names of rivers, seas, oceans, gulfs group of
islands and mountain ranges; aB. e.g. The Ganges
(4)
Before the name of
scriptureB The Gita
(S) Before
common nouns of unique kind; the sun, the moon, the earth.
(6)
Before a
proper Noun only when it is qualified by Adjective. The great Hamlet
(7)
Before the Buperlative
degree of adjective; ae,
(i) He is the beat player of our school.
(8)
Before ordinals; as
(i) The third page of thia bOOk iB torn.
(9)
Before musical
instruments; as, I can play the Guitar
(lo) Before an adverb with comparativ•e
degree; as (i) The more you get, the more
you want.
Demonstratives
This, that, theBe, those are called
demonstrativea. They can be used both as adjectives and pronouns: They point to
some people or some thing (s),
Example :
'Phia is my book lfronoun) These are hia letters. (Pronoun)
What iB that Bmoke cloud? (AdJective) This book is miAe. (Adjective)
Possessives :
The worda ’my, your, his, her, its, our, their' are possesBives. These
words ahow that a certain thing or a peraon belongs to certain person or thing.
They are also known as oBsessive adjectives.
I must do my homework. She muBt do her
homework. He must do his homework. We must do our homework.
They must do their homework.
The underlined wprds above are
possessive adjectives as they are
placed before nouns and act as adjectives or quality words.
ThiB pen ia mine. That Bhirt is yours.
The Gold Medal is ourB now. These sweets are hers.
TheBe resorts are theira. Thia bat ia
his.
Above underlined wordB are known as possessive pronouns. In meaning they
we similar to possessive adjectives but poBsessive adjectives come before nouns
and possessive pronouns come after the nouns to which they refer.
Indefinite Adjectives :
0 some,
any Some is used in affirmative sentences.
Ex.
There were some interesting people in the meeting.
0 In questions where positive response is
expected. Did you buy some new items?
0 In
interrogative sentenceB while making polite requests Will you give me some money?
Would
you like to have some more pista?
Any : It is used with negative verbe ex : I dih not
buy any mangoes.
With que8tionr. .
ex : Do you have any new article
for publi8hing?
Each : Every; Either, neither—Each means one of two
things and every. ia used with numbers exceeding two as :
1.
Each of them was given a souveigneir.
2.
Every man wants to be happy.
‘Either' means any of two’. It takes a singular verb. Either book
wi1l'do.
‘Either’ is followed by ‘or’
Either
Ram or Ramesh has stolen the book.
Another : , Another
i8 used with singular countable nouns to talk about an additional person or the
thinga of the same type as have already been mentioned.
Can I have;another cup of tea ?
Other
: ‘Other is used with plural nouns
or sometimes with uncountable nouna Either : Either they are asleep or involved
in other activities.
Enough :
'Enough’ denotes that there
is as much thing as is needed. I have enough space to
BcCommodate you all. ‘
Most
: 'Most' denotes nearly all of a group or a noun.
Moat
people have recovered from H N but the disease is contagious.
Several
: ’Several indicates number that
is not ver3• large but more than two. I have aeen thig movie several timeB.
Neither : ia the negative of either and
is followed by nor. It means not one
and not the other.
eg : Neither flowers not incence sticks can please
God. It ia only faith that can please Him.
Much,
Many : 'Much’ denotes quantity and
'many’ stands for number. 'Much’ is used
with uncountable nouns 'and takes a singular
verb.
‘Many’ is used with ‘plural nouns’ and
takes a plural verb. Many is followed by a singular countable noun and takes a
singular verb.
(1) Is
there much rice left in. the cooker ?
(2) Many thinga need to be done immediately.
Little. a little, the little
Little denotes hardly any, or not much.
(1) There is little hope of hia survival.
(2)
The
Government did little for drought victims. A little : denotes 'some at least’.
(i)
A little knowledge is a
dangerous thing.
The little means some. It can be u3ed both positively and negatively.
The little help which the farmers got
from the Government; ia not enough for their 
survival. (Negative)
The little help which I got from my
brother ia enough to pasB the examination.
(Positive)
'Few’-denotes negative meaning.
There were few customers in the shop, for the shopkeeper was relaxing,
(i)
The few
means ‘not many’. It haa both
positive and negative meaning.
The New
memberi who came to attend the meeting left
sooti. (I2i) A few means Fso ie at least' : It has positive meanings
(l)
A few daya holiday will
make your mind and body relaxed
Less -’Less' ia used to refer to an
amount of something that ia smaller than another amount. It ie usually used
before uncounteble nouns.
(1) Slum area children have lesa acceas to education.
Fewer
ia uaed to refer to a group of
things, that is smaller than another group before plural aouna.
There are fewer planta here.
One,
another, other : ’one’ ia uaed in the situations where we want to say
something about a particular member of the group.
She
ia the one, whom I like the most.
 |
• SUMMARY
i ’A Deterininer is a
word that comes before a noun and limits its meaning.
› Determiners include
(i)
Articles : (a, an, the)
(ii)
Demonstrative Adjectives
:(This, that, these, those)
(iii) Possessive Adjectives : (My, our, your, her, his, ita, their,
(iv)
AdjectiveB of quantity
and number : P 'A’ and ‘An’
are'called Indefinite Articles.
i “The” is called Definite Article aB it pointa out aome particular
perBon or thing.
r ThiB, that, theae, thoae are called
demonstratives. They can be used both
aa adjectives and pronouns
F The wordB 'my, your, hi8, her, its,
our, their’ are posaessives. Theae words show that a cert,ain thing or a person
belongs to certain person or thing.
